E2 demonstrates 1.25 to 5 times the biological potency of E1.
E2 and E1 can be converted into each other, and both can be inactivated via hydroxylation and conjugation. By contrast, most of the circulating E1 is derived from peripheral aromatization of androstenedione (mainly adrenal). Small amounts are produced in the adrenal glands and some peripheral tissues, most notably fat. A third bioactive estrogen, estriol (E3), is the main pregnancy estrogen, but plays no significant role in nonpregnant women or men.Į2 is produced primarily in ovaries and testes by aromatization of testosterone. The 2 major biologically active estrogens in nonpregnant humans are estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2). They also are important for many other, nongender-specific processes, including growth, nervous system maturation, bone metabolism/remodeling, and endothelial responsiveness. Monitoring antiestrogen therapy (eg, aromatase inhibitor therapy)Įstrogens are involved in development and maintenance of the female phenotype, germ cell maturation, and pregnancy. Monitoring low-dose female hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women As an adjunct to clinical assessment, imaging studies and bone mineral density measurement in the fracture risk assessment of postmenopausal women, and, to a lesser degree, older men As part of the diagnosis and workup of suspected disorders of sex steroid metabolism (eg, aromatase deficiency and 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency) As part of the diagnosis and workup of precocious and delayed puberty in females, and, to a lesser degree, males Diagnosis of estrogen-producing neoplasms in males and, to a lesser degree, females Evaluation of feminization, including gynecomastia, in males In conjunction with luteinizing hormone measurements, monitoring of estrogen replacement therapy in hypogonadal premenopausal women Assessing ovarian status, including follicle development, for assisted reproduction protocols (eg, in vitro fertilization) Evaluation of hypogonadism and oligo-amenorrhea in females
All applications that require moderately sensitive measurement of estradiol:
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